The vault is one of the six apparatus in artistic gymnastics and is considered one of the most explosive and dynamic events. Gymnasts perform a fast and powerful sprint, followed by a springboard-assisted jump onto a vaulting table, executing various maneuvers. Here’s an overview of the vault:

1. Apparatus Description:

• The vault consists of a springboard and a vaulting table. The vaulting table has a padded surface and is set at a height that varies depending on the level of competition.

2. Vaulting Table:

• The gymnast uses the vaulting table to propel themselves into the air, performing acrobatic skills before landing.

3. Approach and Run:

• Gymnasts have a designated run-up distance to build speed and momentum before reaching the springboard. The length of the approach varies based on the gymnast’s preference and competition regulations.

4. Hand Placement:

• Gymnasts use their hands to push off the vaulting table, and the placement of the hands can vary depending on the type of vault being performed.

5. Types of Vaults:

• Gymnasts perform various vaults, each with its own level of difficulty and specific requirements. Common vaults include:
  • Tsukahara
  • Yurchenko
  • Handspring
  • Kasamatsu

6. Flight and Rotation:

• During the flight phase, gymnasts execute twists, somersaults, or a combination of both. The number of twists and somersaults contributes to the difficulty of the vault.

7. Landing:

• Gymnasts aim to land securely on their feet, demonstrating control and minimizing steps or hops. The landing is a crucial aspect of the routine and significantly influences the execution score.

8. Two-Vault Rule:

• In major competitions, gymnasts are often required to perform two different vaults. The scores for the two vaults are averaged to determine the final score.

9. Scoring:

• The vault is scored based on difficulty (D-score) and execution (E-score). Deductions are applied for errors such as steps on landing, lack of form, or incomplete twists.

10. Runway and Springboard Settings: – The gymnast and coach work together to adjust the runway distance and the springboard’s tension to optimize the takeoff and ensure a powerful vault.

11. Equipment Standards: – The vaulting table and springboard must adhere to specific international standards for dimensions, materials, and safety.

12. Specialization: – Some gymnasts may specialize in vaulting, excelling in this explosive event due to their speed, power, and ability to control complex maneuvers.

Vaulting requires a combination of speed, power, and precision, making it a thrilling event for both gymnasts and spectators. Gymnasts continually strive to increase the difficulty of their vaults while maintaining impeccable form and control during the execution and landing phases.