Algebra is a branch of mathematics that deals with symbols and the rules for manipulating these symbols. It involves studying mathematical operations and structures, such as equations, polynomials, and functions. In algebra, letters (often referred to as variables) are used to represent numbers, and algebraic expressions are formed by combining these variables with mathematical operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. Algebra is essential in various fields, including science, engineering, economics, and computer science, as it provides a framework for solving equations, analyzing patterns, and understanding relationships between quantities.